Commonly referred to as cabbage, green cabbage, small cabbage. Ordinary Chinese cabbage has many varieties, short growing period, heat and cold resistance, wide adaptability, and can be produced and supplied annually. Ordinary cabbage products are tender and nutritious, and are popular with the general public.

(1) Biological characteristics

The leaves are open with obvious petioles, the plant shape is small, and the growth period is short.

The roots of common cabbage are fibrous roots, which are shallowly distributed and have strong regeneration ability, and are suitable for seedling transplanting. The stems in the vegetative growth period are shortened, but under the conditions of high temperature and excessive dense planting, the stem nodes are easy to elongate. The leaf tissue is thick and glabrous, the leaf surface is mostly flat, and a few are shrunken and unconcerned.

Need a cold climate, preferably 15-20 ℃, under high temperature conditions above 25 ℃, poor growth, prone to viral diseases.

The normal temperature for common cabbage seeds to germinate is 20-25 ℃, and it will pass the vernalization stage when the seeds germinate when they encounter lower temperature below 15 ℃. Bolting can be carried out in the spring and autumn sowing years. Attention should be paid to the selection of varieties and sowing periods to prevent early bolting.

According to the difference in its response to low temperature, winter is strong or weak and can be divided into the following three categories.

(1) The germinated seeds or adult plants of spring varieties (the same below) can pass the vernalization stage if they are treated at a low temperature of 0-12 ° C for less than 10 days or without low temperature treatment.

(2) Winter varieties need to pass the vernalization stage after 10-30 days at a low temperature of 0-12 ℃.

(3) The varieties with strong winter characteristics can pass the vernalization stage after 40 days at a low temperature of 0-5 ℃.

(2) Types and varieties

Common cabbage can be roughly divided into small cabbage, Chinese cabbage and vegetable sprouts according to their morphology.

(3) Cultivation technology

1. Cultivation season

It can be cultivated in four seasons in warm areas, mainly in autumn, winter, spring and summer.

(1) Autumn and winter pakchoi The autumn and winter pakchoi is the main production variety with high yield and good quality. The Yangtze River Basin can be sown and nursed from September to October. Collapsible vegetables are more resistant to cold and can be delayed to planting after late September. Cabbage bolts are planted early to August-September. North China is planted from August to September.

(2) The spring cabbage is sown in North China from February to April and is the main vegetable supplied in spring. In order to prevent early bolting, it is advisable to choose varieties with strong winter and late bolting, such as slow in April and slow in May.

(3) The northern area of ​​summer cabbage is cold in winter and has a short growing season. It is often cultivated in autumn and spring. In recent years, North China has adopted plastic film to cover the autumn extension and early spring cultivation.

2. Sowing and nursery

Because the root system of Chinese cabbage has strong regeneration ability and is resistant to transplanting, multiple rows of seedlings are transplanted.

The nursery site should choose soils that have not been planted with the same family of vegetables, have strong water retention and fertility, and have good drainage. In order to raise the bed temperature, small arch sheds are often used to raise seedlings. The temperature in autumn is suitable, and the planting amount per mu is 0.75-1kg, and it should be increased to 1.5-2.5kg in early spring and summer.

In order to cultivate strong seedlings, the amount of seeding should not be too large, and excessive density will cause the seedlings to grow long and joint early. The rotten seedlings can also occur in the hot season. After the seedlings are unearthed, remove the weeds in time. It is advisable to apply dilute manure water 2-3 times after the seedlings emerge. Pay attention to timely watering and drainage. In particular, we must pay attention to the work of controlling aphids and preventing viral diseases during the nursery.

Chinese cabbage is suitable for dense planting. The density of colonization can not only make the product quality tender and increase the yield, but also reduce the soil temperature in the season with higher temperature and reduce the harm of viral diseases. Generally only 7500-8000 plants are planted per acre; as spring cabbage, the plants are easy to bolt, and the density can be increased to 10000-11000 plants.

3. Field management

The Chinese cabbage mainly uses rosette leaves as its product. The 8-10 leaves that were grown in the early stage have been withered and fallen off by the time of harvest.

In the early stage of the growth of Chinese cabbage, the management center is required to increase the number of leaves per plant as soon as possible to quickly reach sufficient leaf number and leaf area. In the later period of growth, it is mainly to increase the leaf weight per plant. Therefore, sufficient fertilizer and water should be continuously supplied during the growth period. After emergence and delayed seedling transplantation, every 3 to 4 days, continuous thin application of manure water is required to promote seedling growth. With the rapid growth of the plant, apply 1-2 times of heavy fertilizer. Fertilization should be reduced or stopped 10-15 days before harvest. Spring Chinese cabbage should increase the amount of top dressing before winter or early spring to promote growth. Summer and autumn Chinese cabbage must also pay attention to the prevention of diseases and insect pests.

4. Harvest

The harvest period of Chinese cabbage is not strict, and 4-5 true leaves can be harvested in stages or at once.

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