From 2009 onwards, Xi'an Chang'an District demonstration planting greenhouse watermelon in early spring, accumulatively planted 102.67 hm2 in 3 years, the average production value in 2009 was 108,000 yuan/hm2; the average production value in 2010 was 115,500 yuan/hm2. After improving greenhouse facilities in 2011, early spring Watermelon implements three-dimensional cultivation, the output value and efficiency have been greatly improved, and the output value has reached more than 150,000 yuan/hm2. In the early spring, the combination of watermelon and autumn quinoa vegetables can make full use of light and heat resources, effectively alleviate the harm caused by continuous cropping and pests, and have remarkable economic benefits [1-2]. The technology has been gradually recognized and accepted by the masses through the promotion of China Agriculture Network.

1 Mouthwash Arrangement and Variety Selection

Early spring watermelons were planted in late December to early January. Grafting was carried out from late January to early February, planting from mid-March to the end of March, and harvesting from mid-to-late May. If properly managed, the second watermelon can be harvested by the end of June. In the Guanzhong region, watermelon varieties suitable for early spring cultivation of greenhouses mainly include Jingxin series and Xiaolan series. The main varieties that are commonly selected in Xi'an are Mexican children, four beautiful people, Fuyunlai, and Beile 6, among others. Rootstocks can be selected from wild gourds, southern anvils, and southern anvil F1.

2 Grafting

Grafting with the top-inserting method, sowing the rootstock seeds first, sowing 1 seed per pod of nutrient, sowing the watermelon seeds after 7 days or so, sowing the watermelon seeds, the true rootstock of the rootstock grows to 1 leaf 1 heart, and the 2 watermelon cotyledons grow into “Y”. In the middle of the shape and in the middle, the green leaves are grafted. Graft grafting was used to sow the seeds of watermelon first, and the rootstock seeds were sowed in 5 days or so (both sowed in the same nutrient bowl). When the watermelon was 1.5 to 2.0 leaves, the cotyledons of the rootstocks were grafted. Immediately after the completion of grafting, small arches were covered. Within 3 days, the air was closed without ventilation and covered with blankets. The daytime temperature was controlled at 26~30 °C, the night temperature was 18~20 °C, the relative humidity was above 90%, and ventilation was gradually increased after 3 days. , Lower the temperature; after 7 days, the daytime temperature is controlled at 22~25 °C and the nighttime temperature is 14~16 °C. If there are no water beads on the leaves of the melon in the morning, it means that there is not enough water to moisturize. The seedlings began to grow 7 days before planting. The daytime temperature was maintained at 23 °C, 13 °C at night, and the minimum was not lower than 10 °C.

3 Site preparation

Applying basic fertilizer during site preparation, especially re-applied high-quality organic fertilizer. 5 to 7 days before planting, apply decomposed organic fertilizer 75~120 t/hm2 or dry chicken manure 30 t/hm2, oil residue 3 t/hm2, ternary compound fertilizer 450 kg/hm2, potash fertilizer 600 kg/hm2, ground spray Dichlorvos, hymexazol or carbendazim 500 to 800 times the liquid for deep turning, shed disinfection. Take "four belts" to plant legal plants, and four belts means water, soil, fertilizer, and medicine. Before the planting, the seedbed is poured 1 times with small water, and potassium dihydrogen phosphate is sprayed on the leaves. When the fertilizer is sprayed, fungicides such as hymexazol and carbendazim are added; when the plants are planted, the pesticide soil or the five-color soil biological bacteria fertilizer is spread in the holes, and nutrition is then provided. Soil transplanted. The intercropping techniques of watermelon and bitter gourd were cultivated in high and small ridges, with a small row width of 60 cm and a ridging of 20 cm. Two lines of watermelon were planted on the ridges, and the large row width of 120 cm was also used as a walkway. When the 10 cm soil temperature is stable above 13 °C, the early spring watermelon can be colonized, and immediately after the colonization, four membranes are used (ie, one layer of plastic film, two layers of 2 m small arches, and one layer of 4 m arch). Within 3 days, the greenhouse was closed and not ventilated, but it was normal to see light. The ground temperature was increased to promote easing of seedlings. After 3 days, the ventilation was gradually increased. The temperature was maintained at 25~30 °C during the day, and the 2 m and 4 m membranes were exposed as soon as possible. Weather changes adjust ventilation time [3-5]. Installation of drip irrigation system under the membrane, according to the needs of each irrigation, with the use of quick-release fertilizer or organic chelate fertilizer, so that nutrients quickly reach the plant roots, both to reduce nutrient loss, but also easy to control the humidity and disease prevention [6].

4 Hangman

The hanging cranberry gift watermelon adopts single vine pruning, and the ripening period can be 5 to 7 days earlier than that of the watermelon planted on the ground, and the planting density is about 24,000 plants/hm2. The key link of the technique is the vine leaf and the dome hanging guarana. The focus of management is to control the taste quality and appearance of the watermelon. One is the introduction of leaves. Hangman vinegar, each main vine can be harvested 1 watermelon, leaves on the fruit stem section has a great impact on the yield, we must pay attention to protection. From the ridge to all leaves at the 3 to 4 leaves above the fruit section, avoid damage during operation and allow the leaves to stretch as much as possible. Shun small row to pull a thick wire, thick wire on both sides of the hole by the fixed position of fine wire, until the melon vine grows to about 30 cm, with a thin wire wrapped in the bottom of melon vines, and then gently melon vines around On the thin wire, the quintessential wire was directly introduced into the vine, and the fruit was grown and the larvae were lifted. The second is the dome hanging melon. When the melon vine grows to 6 to 7 leaves, the first female flower appears to be promptly removed. After the second female flower is set, the growing point is removed at the thirteenth leaf above the fruit stem section, and only the axillary buds on the stem section are preserved. Male flowers were removed [7-8]. The 3rd female flower at 13-14 leaves is reserved and the rest of the female flowers are removed. When the young larvae grow to the size of the egg, select the melon and select the melon. Select a good-looking watermelon and keep it until the melon vines have climbed over the rack to reduce the nutrient consumption. Use the string bag when the young vine grows to 1 kg. Suspend the horizontal wire above the melon line to prevent the gutting from falling after the pups have inflated.

5 mold setting

The juvenile melon is timely loaded into the square mold, and the use of the binding function of the mold, stereotyped production of square, rectangular and other special watermelon. After the mold is installed, the outer skin of the watermelon gradually matures with the mold, and special words can be grown on the gift watermelon to further enhance the product value. When young larvae grow to 0.5-1.0 kg, they are loaded into molds with the words "Fu, Lu, Shou, Yi, and Happy Birthday", and they are observed at any time in the later period and timely harvested.

6 Integrated pest management

According to the plant protection policy of “prevention-oriented, comprehensive prevention and control”, how to prevent cracked melons from sticking to the principle of pollution-free prevention with agricultural control, physical prevention and control, biological control as the mainstay, and chemical control as the supplement. Pay attention to symptomatic medication, rational use of drugs, minimizing the number of medications to be administered and the amount of medications used; preferential use of plant sources, microbial sources and insect growth regulators, rational use of mineral-originated pesticides (sulfur, copper preparations), limited use of certain highly effective, low-toxicity, Low-residue chemical pesticides; promote the alternation and rotation of different types of pesticides to delay the development of resistance to diseases and insect pests; silicone additives can be added to the liquid to increase efficacy. During the growth of watermelon, common pesticides such as damping-off disease, anthracnose, epidemic disease, and wilt disease can be controlled by pesticides such as Precise, anti-fugan, candid, and zeinzinc. In the case of rainy days and heavy humidity in the shelter, dust or aerosols should be used. The amount of dust agent is 15 kg/hm2 and the amount of aerosol agent is 3.0 to 4.5 kg/hm2. Virus diseases and aphids, whitefly, and spotted fly can be prevented through seed disinfection, hanging pest nets, and sunshade nets. Once locusts, whitefly, and spotted fly have been found, they can be sprayed with 20% chrysanthemum cream 2 000 times, or with 10% imidacloprid 1 000 times, and also with ciprofloxacin 180 g/hm2 to control the spotted fly. Fuling Ling 150 g/hm2, Uranus 15 g/hm2 to control whitefly.

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