In recent years, the mushroom industry of the mushroom grown in greenhouses has developed rapidly and has been favored by many farmers. However, in the process of planting, although the growers have basically grasped the planting techniques even well, due to the weather, environmental conditions and many other factors, the diseases of the mushroom are inevitable.

Symptoms and Control Methods of Common Diseases of Agaricus bisporus

1. Soft rot

It is also called mycosis and bacteria. In the early stage of infection, a layer of white mycelium was formed on the bed of bacteria, which resembled cotton wool. After the expansion, it covered the entire surface of the bed, resulting in reduced or non-existent mushrooms.

The fungus grows in organic rich and moist soil. Under conditions of high temperature, high humidity and high water content of culture materials, the growth and reproduction are fast.

Control methods: Cultivation materials should be subjected to high-temperature accumulation and fermentation; cover the soil to take the subsurface soil and mix in 1%-2% lime powder to mix the soil particles; reduce the spray on the bed surface to strengthen the ventilation of the mushroom house; Lime can prevent the epidemic of the disease; after the disease occurs, the mushroom is promptly eliminated, and 50% carbendazim 1000 times solution or 2%-5% formaldehyde solution and other fungicides are sprayed for treatment.

2, fish meal

On the culture medium, many small round yellowish-yellow granules grow like fish roe. It is called “fish roe”. Apart from competing for nutrients with the mushrooms, the bacterium also secretes toxins, emits stench and inhibits mycelial growth. Causes a reduction in production.

Poor fermentation of the culture materials, the formation of "caught raw materials"; humidity is too large, culture material is acidic, and the culture material into a group becomes dark and sticky, it will cause the occurrence of caviar disease.

Control methods: culture materials should be thoroughly fermented, and the compost fermentation time should not be too short; control the moisture and pH of the culture materials, and the water content of the culture materials should be suitable for hand-holding materials without dripping; the culture materials should be loose, do not stick together, and do not Black, odorless, pH 7.5-7.8; After the emergence of the fish strain, the water spray was stopped and the water was sprayed with 300-500 times Bordeaux mixture to inhibit the growth of pathogenic bacteria.

3, Trichoderma

Trichoderma, also known as green mold, mycelium was initially white cotton floc, which gradually turned green after sporulation, and finally appeared dark green. It can produce toxins, inhibit the growth of mushroom mycelium, and produce toxins to kill young mushrooms.

The spores spread the infection through the spores. When the culture materials are piled to make poor fermentation and the growth of the strains is poor, they are susceptible to the infection of Trichoderma species. The spores are mainly transmitted by the air. When the inoculation is not strict and the cultivation environment is not hygienic, it is very susceptible to the bacteria.

Control methods: The culture materials are required to be fresh and dry, and strictly follow the composting fermentation procedures. The composting fermentation should be sufficient. It is best to use 1% lime plus 0.1% carbendazim mix; the seeding strains require no trichoderma infection to grow. Robust, thick mycelium and short bacterial age; when the disease spots occur, moldy spots are removed, and lime or lime water is used to cover the affected areas; if the Trichoderma infection is serious, 50% carbendazim can be used 1000 times. Or Kemulin 1000 times partial watering to inhibit the expansion of Trichoderma.

Penicillium

After propagation in the soil, Penicillium competes with edible fungi for nutrients and moisture, and secretes toxins to inhibit the growth of Agaricus bisporus mycelia into the soil, forming dark green to blue-green colonies on the material surface. The old colonies are intertwined on the surface. Together form a layer of film, cut off the material surface to absorb air, resulting in not mushroom.

Soil contains high organic matter and straw, and Penicillium is the main cause of disease. Poor ventilation, high humidity, and stifling heat can easily lead to the occurrence of large numbers of penicillium.

Control methods: cover the soil should remove the topsoil, take the next layer of soil cover; culture material with 1% lime plus 0.1% carbendazim mix; when the spot occurs, use 50% carbendazim 1000 times to flood the susceptible part, inhibit Penicillium spreads; 0.2% carbendazim, zeocin, etc. are sprayed on the bacterial bed; when the infection is serious and the area is large, the covered soil should be removed and the fungicide sprayed before covering the fresh soil.

5, brown spot

Also known as spot disease, Saturnia. After the fruiting body is infected, the white villous colonies grow first, followed by brown pits on the cap. The lesions are filled with conidia. The affected mushrooms are deformed, the stipe is swollen or bent, and finally they die, but the mushroom body Not rot, odorless.

Under natural conditions, the disease grows in paddy soil. It is easy to be attacked under high temperature conditions and can be infected by covering soil and spraying water.

Control methods: Culture materials should be fully decomposed and fermented; soil-covered materials should be removed from the soil, and after spraying with formaldehyde, the plastic film should be covered with suffocating and killing for 24 hours; the straw curtain covering the bed of bacteria should often change coverage, and should not be covered only with the same surface. , Otherwise, after the dampness of the grass curtain, axenic bacteria are transmitted to infect the fruiting body of the mushroom, and 50% carbendazim 1000 times liquid is sprayed and sterilized on the straw curtain; the moisturizing water must use clean well water or river water, and no sewage can be used; When it is high, it is necessary to strengthen ventilation and reduce the humidity; after the disease occurs, remove the mushrooms in time, and stop spraying, spraying 2% calcium hypochlorite or 2%-5% formaldehyde or 500 times carbendazim solution.

6, rust spot

The appearance of rusty spots or brown spots on mushroom fruit bodies, unlike brown spots, does not produce depressions.

Pathogens live in soil and unclean water. Severe damage under high temperature and high humidity conditions.

Control methods: Spray water to use clean well water or river water, do not use sewage, so as not to contaminate the water; strengthen ventilation, reduce temperature and humidity, temperature is controlled within 20 °C, humidity is maintained between 85% -95% After the disease occurs, remove the mushrooms and spray the fungicide such as carbendazim.

7, mycelium leggy

After the material bed of Agaricus bisporus is covered with soil, the hyphae continuously grows along the soil particles to the surface layer to form a thick layer of hyphae, which results in that the mushroom is postponed or rarely mushroomed, thereby reducing the quality and yield.

Cause: Excessive decomposed culture material, high nitrogen content and water content, can easily cause aerial hyphae to grow. Poor ventilation in the shed, the temperature exceeds 22°C, and the relative humidity of the air is too high to easily cause the mycelium to grow.

Control methods: Water transfer should not be too light, do not rush too fine water, spray water in the morning and evening when cool; to strengthen ventilation, control the temperature within the mushroom shed; cover soil longer and lighter, and then cover a thin layer of mycelium Soil, heavier with a knife to scratch the skin, pick up the bacteria, make up the fine soil, spray heavy water, increase ventilation.

8, land mushroom

The fruiting bodies grow in the soil and are suppressed by the clods. There are dirt on the caps and the mushrooms are uneven, which reduces the quality of the mushrooms and affects the next batch of mushrooms.

The pile is too thick and the soil is mixed with the material, causing the young mushroom to form deep in the material. The overlying soil layer or the low water content inhibits the growth of the hyphae to the soil layer, so that the young mushroom is formed in the material and the mushroom is uneven. Mushroom layer air humidity is too low, mushrooming prematurely, the low part of the mushroom.

Control methods: when sowing, can not be mixed with soil particles in the culture material, so as not to be in the layer of soil particles on the soil, resulting in a low part of the mushroom, and can not grow out of the soil surface; cover with soil particles should not be too large, so as not to young mushroom growth can not The top of the soil is broken and grows under the soil block. The covering soil should not be too thick, and 3.5-4cm is appropriate. The induction of mushroom must be timely. When the mycelium grows to 1cm from the soil surface, the water spray induces mushrooming; The mushroom must be harvested in time to avoid becoming deformed after it grows up, especially in the spring, where it is easy to appear.

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