The raw materials of premixes are mostly chemically synthesized, mineral extracted or biologically extracted. Due to the diversity of raw material production processes and compositions, the properties of premixes are also varied; the production of premixes is relatively simple, and a variety of formulations are used. The well-designed raw materials can be fully mixed according to the amount; the premixed material is generally added to the full-price feed for mixing, and its use effect is mainly reflected in the growth and physiological conditions of the livestock and poultry. The following will discuss the influence factors and control methods of premix quality from three aspects: raw material control, production process control, finished product, and use process control.

1 raw material control

The quality of raw materials is one of the key factors, because the raw materials are not only the components of the finished products, but also directly affect the operation of the production process. In the monitoring of the production process, the anti-monitoring of raw materials has become a very important part. The quality control of raw materials is divided into several steps, such as initial inspection, sample testing, storage sampling, use tracking, and feedback.

1.1 Inspection of warehousing

The warehousing inspection is the first procedure for the raw materials to be faced after the raw materials are returned. It is also a very important and indispensable procedure. Here, we must initially identify the basic characteristics of the ingredients, shelf life, color, agglomerate, moisture, insects, mildew and other aspects of raw materials. At present, the warehousing inspection methods adopted by various manufacturers are different, but they are much the same. The first step is to identify the delivery note, packaging and active ingredient and content. The second step should have a special recognition of the production date and the validity period of the raw materials. The third step is to inspect the raw materials in depth, whether the colors are uniform, whether there is rain, mildew, agglomeration phenomenon, whether there is insect infestation and whether the impurities are beyond the standard, etc.; whether the moisture in the hand is normal, whether there is fever, powdery Whether the raw material granularity is the same; whether it has the inherent smell of the raw material, whether the smell is fresh, and whether there is odor. The fourth step is to register the inspection process and the results of the inspection, decide whether to release the inspection based on the inspection results, and establish the “Primary Inspection Table for Raw Materials”. 1 x6 C* v) S0 q2 l8 M4 Q6 S Y7 N8 ​​t

1.2 Sample tests and sample storage (z }) t V( U; j4 N

After the raw materials are put into warehouses, for those companies that have the testing conditions, they should carry out timely and targeted sampling tests to confirm the content of their components and the content of harmful substances.

1.2.1 Sampling

Sampling must have true representation and uniformity, which is a key step in the feed analysis process. If the sample is not representative, no matter how accurate the analytical procedure, the analytical method, or how sophisticated the instrument is, it is meaningless.

1.2.2 Collection Tool

A solid sample is used as a probe for a solid material and a liquid sampler is used as a liquid material.

1.2.3 Sampled weight

Depending on how much raw material is used and how important it is to control the sample volume, it is generally limited to the amount required to represent the properties of the raw materials and sufficient assays.

1.2.4 sampling method

Sampling is random, depending on the type of raw materials, state, packaging style, number of packages and the purpose of analysis, sampling methods are also varied. The current sampling methods are:

1 Bulk material partition sampling point. Each district has a center, 4 corners and a total of 5 sampling points. The number of districts is 2 or more, and the two points on the two-region boundary are common points (8 points in 2 districts and 11 points in 3 districts).

Samples of 2 bags of raw materials can be selected according to Table 1. The method is to use a probe sampler to vertically insert the bag from top to bottom, or lay the bag flat, insert diagonally from the head of the bag to the bottom, insert the sampler with the groove downward, and then rotate 180°C. take out.

3 liquid raw material sampling. The liquid feed should be fully stirred and a sample of about 500 ml of raw material should be taken from the upper, middle, and lower parts using a liquid sampler.

1.2.5 Sample preservation

In general, the sample is stored for 3 months, and the special sample is stored for 1 year for future reference. Samples should be sealed and protected from light at temperatures below 25°C; samples that are prone to spoilage or deterioration should be stored at low temperatures or by freeze-drying.

1.3 Quality Control of Raw Materials Inventory

1 The raw material warehouse shall be kept well ventilated, dry, free from rain, and placed on a pad and ventilated from the wall. Raw materials for additives should pay special attention to their special storage requirements.

2 The arrival of the raw material package should have the product name, arrival date, quantity, etc.

3 The special raw materials are generally arranged by the quality control department. General raw materials are used according to the principle of first-in-first-out; high-moisture raw materials should be used first.

4 Check the library regularly, at least once a week, and increase the number of inspections in high temperature season. When checking the library, it is found that there are abnormalities in the raw materials that should be dealt with promptly.

1.4 Use tracking and feedback of raw materials

In the process of production and use, we should have a basic understanding of the real-time use of raw materials. We must deal with the anomalies found in the production and use of raw materials in a timely and effective manner, communicate with the procurement personnel, and do a good job of reviewing suppliers.

2 production control

The production process controls both the real-time tracking of raw material conditions and the control of the raw material ingredients. We refer to the ISO9001-2000 quality assurance system review system.

1 Each post and production process are reviewed and supervised to form a supervisor responsibility system;

2 Form an effective communication system. For each abnormality, it can be timely notified to management personnel and monitoring personnel and make effective treatment.

3 Form a regular inspection of the production process and form a “Production Process Inspection Record Form”; + x- m “ v S1 z z7

4 Establish a system of rewards and penalties for the clear and correct confirmation of the behavior of workers.

3 Finished product control

An effective monitoring and feedback system must also be formed for the monitoring of finished products. See the following workflow.

3.1 Set up a package supervision system

A monitoring system is established where finished products are discharged and packaged to monitor the quality of the finished product in real time. If the color, smell, particle size, etc. of the finished product are abnormal, immediately identify the cause, and then determine whether the product will be reworked according to the situation. Samples shall be sampled from time to time to determine the content of ingredients and the degree of mixing uniformity.

3.2 Rework

For premixes that fail to meet quality requirements, quality control personnel make different rework plans based on actual conditions and record them on the record.

3.3 Finished Product Test

For products with abnormal chemical analysis, the quality control personnel shall re-sample from the corresponding amount of double finished products, and notify that the original sample will be re-tested, whether the comprehensive judgment is qualified, and the actual reason will be found.

3.4 Time of Finished Inventory (N(k5[# I, M ?8 a$ N( E

If the finished product inventory takes a long time, from the feed mill to the farmers, it may exceed the shelf life, so the general premix stock time does not exceed 30d.

3.5 Overdue Premix Processing

In order to maintain the effectiveness of premix ingredients, overdue stored premixes must not be outsourced, and warehouse controllers must follow the principle of first in, first out. When releasing the production plan, it is necessary to pay attention to the finished product of the inventory, check the quality of the finished product on a weekly basis, and open a rework notice for the overdue premix.

3.6 Product Library Hygiene

Under the finished product pallet, it is easy to hide dirt and insects. It needs to be cleaned in time and sprayed if necessary.

3.7 Bag Inspection

The quality of the bag affects the storage and transportation of the product, so the inspection of the bag by the quality control department is also very important. Mainly pay attention to the degree of bag tensile strength, bagging weight, pay attention to whether mixed with recycled materials, sewing seal is intact.

In summary, premix production seems to be as simple as mixing raw materials, but actual quality control is a rather tedious and systematic project. Problems in the production process of premixes should be promptly communicated with the formulation designer, so that the formulation designer can deeply understand the appearance and physicochemical properties of the special raw materials, so that formulation adjustments can be made according to the circumstances so as to better meet the formulation design requirements.

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