After the American scholar Eric S. Lander officially proposed the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) as the third generation molecular marker in 1996, SNP has been widely used in economic trait association analysis, biological genetic linkage map construction, human pathogenic gene screening. , pathogenic risk diagnosis and prediction, individualized drug screening and other biological and medical research fields. In the field of cash crop breeding, detection of SNPs enables early selection of desired traits. This choice has the characteristics of high accuracy, which can effectively avoid the interference of morphological and environmental factors, thus greatly shortening the breeding process. Therefore, SNPs play a huge role in basic research. Single nucleotide polymorphism Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) refers to the phenomenon of single nucleotide differences at the same position in an individual's DNA sequence of the same or different species. Insertion, deletion, transformation, and inversion of a single base can cause this difference. In the past, the definition of SNP was different from mutation. A variant site requires that one of the alleles be greater than 1% in the population to be defined as a SNP site. However, with the expansion of modern biological theory and the application of technology, allele frequency is no longer a necessary condition to limit the definition of SNP. According to the single nucleotide variation data collected in the Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (dbSNP) database under the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI), low frequency insertion/deletion, microsatellite variation, and the like are also included. SNP frequency and location In humans, the frequency of SNPs is 0.1%. In other words, an average of one SNP site may occur per 1000 base pairs. Although the frequency of occurrence is high, not all SNP loci can be trait-related candidate markers. This is mainly related to the location of the SNP. In theory, SNPs can occur anywhere in the genome sequence. SNPs that occur in the coding region can produce synonymous and non-synonymous mutations, ie, amino acid changes or no changes before and after the mutation. A change in the amino acid usually results in loss of the original function of the peptide chain (missense mutation) and may also result in translational abortion (nonsense mutation). SNPs that occur in non-coding regions and intergenic regions may affect mRNA splicing, non-coding RNA sequence composition, transcription factor and DNA binding efficiency. The specific relationship is as shown: Several common SNP typing methods and their comparison According to different principles, common SNP detection methods are divided into the following categories: Note: The commonly used SNP detection methods are listed in the table. Other detection methods such as specific site hybridization (ASH), specific site primer extension (ASPE), single base extension (SBCE), and specific site cutting ( ASC), gene chip technology, mass spectrometry, etc. are not classified. The cost and time of nucleic acid purification in the above several common SNP detection methods are unavoidable. However, related kits based on Foregene's direct PCR technology enable direct PCR or qPCR amplification of unpurified samples, making SNP detection unprecedented. The Foregene Direct PCR family simply and ruthlessly omits the sample purification step, greatly reducing the time and cost required to prepare the template. The unique Taq polymerase has excellent amplification capabilities and can tolerate multiple inhibitors from complex amplification environments. These features provide a technical guarantee for obtaining high yield specific products. Foregene has developed direct PCR/qPCR kits for various sample types, such as animal tissues (rat tail, zebrafish, etc.), plant leaves, seeds (including polysaccharide polyphenol samples). Welcome new and old customers to consult and order! Tetanus Vaccine,Hepatitis B Vaccine For Adults,Tetanus Booster,Td Vaccine FOSHAN PHARMA CO., LTD. , https://www.fspharmamedicine.com
